Bilingual Education

Language Policy in Australia In Australia, the issues connected with the language policy are discussed both at the federal and state levels. Thus, special language programmes which are worked out in states develop along with the federal Australian Language and Literacy Policy. According to this programme, the most widely spread language in Australia is English, and the literacy programme is realised in relation to the norms of the Australian English Standard.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Australia is the multi-cultural and multi-lingual country that is why much attention is paid to the development of the minorities’ languages in the country. From this point, National Statement for Languages Education in Australian Schools regulates the realisation of the language policy according to the English language (which is not recognized as an official one) and the languages of minorities in the country (Ingram, 2000). The expansion of English among the Australians is the result of the definite historical events. Nevertheless, in spite of the fact, the majority of the population speaks English, there are a lot of persons who are immigrants or have their origins in the other countries, and they speak the languages of their communities. Today, the Australian government and the local authorities in states concentrate on preserving the diversity of the languages in the country and support the educational programmes according to which two or more languages are studied at school. The multi-lingual approach is considered as effective from the point of the political, economic, and cultural strategic development of the country. Thus, the bilingual competence is discussed as the contemporary tendency in Australia which should be realised with the help of definite national and state programmes (Liddicoat, 2005). In this situation, the Engli sh language is the primary language in Australia, and the other languages are discussed as the languages of minorities. Education Programmes According to the peculiarities of the bilingual situation in the Italian-speaking community in Melbourne (Victoria), two-way immersion programmes are the most appropriate variant for realizing there.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To provide the academic excellence and the high level of the students’ proficiency in the primary language and the language of minority, it is necessary to follow such principles as the equal status of the both languages at class, the usage of the techniques which make instructions comprehensible for the two groups of students, and the focus not only on cross-lingual peculiarities but also on the cross-cultural ones. Implementing the two-way immersion programmes, it is important to concentrate on the fact that a ccording to different variations of the programme used in such countries as the USA and Canada, it is possible to regulate the percentage of using L1 and L2 at class. The most effective variant for achieving the high results in the students’ proficiency is the equal focus on the both languages in order to avoid the possibility to limit this or that language. In this case, the teacher’s code switching is caused by the necessity of using the instructions in L1 or L2, and the students’ code switching is caused by the peculiarities of reacting to these instructions (Gomez, Freeman, Freeman, 2005). Depending on the characteristic features of the programme, it is significant to avoid the influence of the peculiarities of one language on another. It is important to pay attention to the equal development of the competence in the oral and written languages which should be assessed with the help of definite tests (Bedore Pena, 2008). The assessment of the proficiency in the both languages is the important requirement for the programme. To be the effective bilingual teacher, it is necessary to have the excellent competence in the both languages and to follow the two-way immersion programmes strictly. References Bedore, L. M., Pena, E. D. (2008). Assessment of bilingual children for identification of language impairment: current findings and implications for practice. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(1), 1-29. Gomez, L., Freeman, D., Freeman, Y. (2005). Dual language education: A promising 50-50 model. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(1), 145–164.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ingram, D. E. (2000). Language policy and language education in Australia. Web. Liddicoat, A. (2005). Culture for language learning in Australian language-in-education policy. Australian Review of Applied Linguis tics, 28(2), 28-43. This essay on Bilingual Education was written and submitted by user Alia K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Bilingual Education

Free Essays on The Unknown Citizen

â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† W. H. Auden’s poem entitled â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is a portrayal of a conflict between individualism and government control. â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is a government’s view of the perfect modern man in an unrealistic society. In â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† the government has manipulated human intelligence to the point that they have control over everyone’s lives and minds. The motive behind the portrayal of an equal society is that it will eliminate hatred, envy and war. While this proves true, the numerous side effects such as loss of identity, lack of originality, and loss of personal feelings develop. The satiric society depicted in â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is the authors attempt to ridicule a political system that tends to depersonalize its citizens and constantly strives to create equality. The attempt to create an equal society to the extreme makes many governments more like a dictatorship or communist system rather than a democracy. The society portrayed in the poem takes the notion of perfection and equality to the extreme. In the poem Auden uses sarcasm to express an obsessive and mindless state that only knows its citizens by numbers and letters, and evaluates their worth with statistics. The ideal citizen is supposed to be â€Å"One against whom there was no official complaint [and] in everything he did he served the community†(5). The idea that a perfect modern man is not meant to have any complaints and to serve the community, suggests that the state requires it’s citizens to work for the benefit of the state, not the individual. The fact that no thing should be questioned shows the obedience to the state that is needed to maintain the utopian society that the poem discusses. During the time period that â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† was written, in the late 1930’s, Americans were issued Social Security cards (similar to Canadian Social Insurance Numbers), each with a personalized ... Free Essays on The Unknown Citizen Free Essays on The Unknown Citizen â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† W. H. Auden’s poem entitled â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is a portrayal of a conflict between individualism and government control. â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is a government’s view of the perfect modern man in an unrealistic society. In â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† the government has manipulated human intelligence to the point that they have control over everyone’s lives and minds. The motive behind the portrayal of an equal society is that it will eliminate hatred, envy and war. While this proves true, the numerous side effects such as loss of identity, lack of originality, and loss of personal feelings develop. The satiric society depicted in â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† is the authors attempt to ridicule a political system that tends to depersonalize its citizens and constantly strives to create equality. The attempt to create an equal society to the extreme makes many governments more like a dictatorship or communist system rather than a democracy. The society portrayed in the poem takes the notion of perfection and equality to the extreme. In the poem Auden uses sarcasm to express an obsessive and mindless state that only knows its citizens by numbers and letters, and evaluates their worth with statistics. The ideal citizen is supposed to be â€Å"One against whom there was no official complaint [and] in everything he did he served the community†(5). The idea that a perfect modern man is not meant to have any complaints and to serve the community, suggests that the state requires it’s citizens to work for the benefit of the state, not the individual. The fact that no thing should be questioned shows the obedience to the state that is needed to maintain the utopian society that the poem discusses. During the time period that â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† was written, in the late 1930’s, Americans were issued Social Security cards (similar to Canadian Social Insurance Numbers), each with a personalized ...